@article{Medved_2020, title={The ’Civilising Mission’ of the Austrian Passive Revolution (1849–1867)}, volume={31}, url={https://journals.univie.ac.at/index.php/oezg/article/view/5311}, DOI={10.25365/oezg-2020-31-2-4}, abstractNote={<p><span style="left: 192.17px; top: 221.695px; font-size: 14.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.975663);">This paper examines the ideology of the Austrian passive revolution </span><span style="left: 141.1px; top: 239.295px; font-size: 14.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01843);">(the introduction and extension of capitalist social relations from above) in </span><span style="left: 141.1px; top: 256.895px; font-size: 14.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00432);">the mid-nineteenth century and reactions to it in Hungary and Croatia. Aus</span><span style="left: 141.1px; top: 274.495px; font-size: 14.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.975315);">trian ideologues of the time believed that capitalism would unify the Aus</span><span style="left: 558.587px; top: 274.495px; font-size: 14.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0171);">trian </span><span style="left: 141.1px; top: 292.095px; font-size: 14.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.974699);">empire primarily by bringing about a pan-Habsburg middle class, which </span><span style="left: 141.1px; top: 309.695px; font-size: 14.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.978602);">would marginalise the potentially centrifugal effects of different nationalities. </span><span style="left: 141.1px; top: 327.295px; font-size: 14.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00778);">Indeed, this would have meant the end of the Monarchy as an empire, since </span><span style="left: 141.1px; top: 344.895px; font-size: 14.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01787);">coercion would have been rendered unnecessary in maintaining it. Eventu</span><span style="left: 141.1px; top: 362.495px; font-size: 14.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.984552);">al (partial) convergence in development was conceived as a result of both the </span><span style="left: 141.1px; top: 380.095px; font-size: 14.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.989608);">capitalist system and the civilizing mission of the Austrian state and German </span><span style="left: 141.1px; top: 397.695px; font-size: 14.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01645);">population. The paper argues that the universalising discourse of the 1850s </span><span style="left: 141.1px; top: 415.295px; font-size: 14.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.996856);">was not matched with a corresponding political organisation that could have </span><span style="left: 141.1px; top: 432.895px; font-size: 14.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.979382);">resulted in ‘moral and intellectual leadership’ (Gramsci). The political chang</span><span style="left: 141.1px; top: 450.495px; font-size: 14.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.996357);">es in the 1860s better corresponded to the form of sociality referred to in the </span><span style="left: 141.1px; top: 468.095px; font-size: 14.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.992962);">discourse of the Austrian civilising mission, however, the discourse itself re</span><span style="left: 141.1px; top: 485.695px; font-size: 14.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.9673);">lied more heavily on Germans as bearers of civilisation while the political sys</span><span style="left: 141.1px; top: 503.295px; font-size: 14.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0106);">tem remained highly centralised. The paper demonstrates that the civilising </span><span style="left: 141.1px; top: 520.895px; font-size: 14.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.980767);">discourse was rejected both in Hungary and Croatia, where the Austrian state </span><span style="left: 141.1px; top: 538.495px; font-size: 14.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00941);">was deemed too centralised and authoritarian as well as incapable of devel</span><span style="left: 141.1px; top: 556.095px; font-size: 14.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00858);">oping the periphery.</span></p> <p><span style="left: 141.1px; top: 556.095px; font-size: 14.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00858);"><span style="left: 208.846px; top: 591.295px; font-size: 14.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.963134);">hegemony, passive revolution, uneven development, civilising </span><span style="left: 141.1px; top: 608.895px; font-size: 14.6667px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.999724);">mission, periphery, Austria, Hungary, Croatia</span></span></p>}, number={2}, journal={Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften}, author={Medved, Mladen}, year={2020}, month={Dez.}, pages={72–94} }