TY - JOUR AU - Luft, Robert PY - 1991/08/01 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - Politischer Pluralismus und Nationalismus: Zu Parteienwesen und politischer Kultur in der tschechischen Nation vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg JF - Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften JA - OeZG VL - 2 IS - 3 SE - research paper DO - 10.25365/oezg-1991-2-3-5 UR - https://journals.univie.ac.at/index.php/oezg/article/view/5361 SP - 72–87 AB - <div class="page" title="Page 2"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">The </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(47.060000%, 49.020000%, 45.100000%);">essay analyses </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">the </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">development </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">of </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">various Czech political parties </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(47.060000%, 49.020000%, 45.100000%);">as </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">weil </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(47.060000%, 49.020000%, 45.100000%);">as their </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">programmes within </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">the </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">political </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">structure </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">of </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">the late </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">nineteenth- </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(47.060000%, 49.020000%, 45.100000%);">and </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(47.060000%, 49.020000%, 45.100000%);">early twentieth-century </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">Habsburg Monarchy. </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">The author </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">argues </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">that the </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(47.060000%, 49.020000%, 45.100000%);">emergence </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">of political parties has to </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">be </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">seen in </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">the </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">context of </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">the </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">nationalist </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(47.060000%, 49.020000%, 45.100000%);">struggles within </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">the </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">monarchy, thus determining their </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">structure </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(47.060000%, 49.020000%, 45.100000%);">as </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">well as their ideology </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(47.060000%, 49.020000%, 45.100000%);">to </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">a </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">certain </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">degree. He </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(47.060000%, 49.020000%, 45.100000%);">surveys </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">the </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">most </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">important </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">parties, </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">or </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">more </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(47.060000%, 49.020000%, 45.100000%);">specifically, </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(47.060000%, 49.020000%, 45.100000%);">the </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">political </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(47.060000%, 49.020000%, 45.100000%);">camps </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">developing in </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">the </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">Czech lands, beginning </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">with the </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">National Party, </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">then the </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">opposed groups of Social Democrats </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">and </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">Catholics, </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">and the </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">National-social </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">and </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">Agrarian </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(47.060000%, 49.020000%, 45.100000%);">camps. </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">The </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">number of parties increased especially after 1889 </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">and, </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">as a consequence, </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">the </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">political </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">structure </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">of </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">the </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">Czech </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">nation </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">was already very differentiated in 1907, </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">the </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">year </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">of the </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">first democratic general </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(47.060000%, 49.020000%, 45.100000%);">elections </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">in </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">the </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">monarchy. </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">The author </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(47.060000%, 49.020000%, 45.100000%);">concludes </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">with </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">five theses regarding </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">the </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">political </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(47.060000%, 49.020000%, 45.100000%);">culture </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">in </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">the </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">Czech lands, in which </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(47.060000%, 49.020000%, 45.100000%);">- </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">as in </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">most other </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">regions of </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">the </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">Habsburg </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(47.060000%, 49.020000%, 45.100000%);">state </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(47.060000%, 49.020000%, 45.100000%);">- </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">the </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(47.060000%, 49.020000%, 45.100000%);">common </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">nationalist </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(47.060000%, 49.020000%, 45.100000%);">element </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">played </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">an important </span><span style="font-size: 9.000000pt; font-family: 'Times'; color: rgb(40.780000%, 43.140000%, 38.820000%);">role. </span></p></div></div></div></div> ER -