「水災莫甚於此」
對十七世紀江南氣候的記憶和氣候可變性的意識
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25365/jeacs.2023.4.agoey关键词:
自然災害, 氣候史, 江南地區, 集體記憶, 明清中國摘要
十七世紀,全球變冷和天氣不穩定引發過極端氣候事件。本文通過研究對氣候的群體記憶,探討十七世紀中國江南地區的人民對氣候環境的感知。研究顯示,對氣候的探索在明清時期已沉澱了豐富的歷程,但對現代語境中「氣候變化」的認知卻與目下有所不同。根據中國傳統觀念和風俗,氣候總體上比較穩定,若有異象也是暫時的,通常是天子德行所致。然而,通過查閱有關天災人禍的記載、考察自然景觀和生態的變遷、追蹤人們在文化和個體層面的感知,我們更為細緻地探察到十七世紀中國人對「氣候可變性」的理解。儘管當時普遍認為氣候是穩定不變的,但也有人對天氣變化表現出高度敏感,例如康熙皇帝。歷史上的治亂興衰與氣候之間是否也存在一定關聯呢?
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