Selbstwirksamkeit im Fernstudium
Ein Rahmenmodell zur Messung seiner akademischen, lernbezogenen und sozialen Dimensionen
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21243/mi-02-24-13Schlagworte:
Fernstudium, Selbstwirksamkeit, Hochschulbildung, quantitative Forschung, Fernlehre, Online-LernenAbstract
Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Rolle der Selbstwirksamkeit im Fernstudium. Es wird argumentiert, dass das Konzept der Selbstwirksamkeit im Fernstudium andere Dimensionen berücksichtigen muss als im Präsenzstudium. Auf der Grundlage einer Literaturrecherche werden drei zentrale Dimensionen im Fernstudium hervorgehoben: akademische, lernbezogene und soziale Selbstwirksamkeit. Um dieses Rahmenmodell zu evaluieren und die Dimensionen zu messen sowie ihre Wechselbeziehungen zu bewerten, wurden Studierende in sechs Bachelorstudiengängen an einer Fernhochschule in Deutschland befragt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass jede der drei Dimensionen der Selbstwirksamkeit spezifische Merkmale aufweist. Für die akademische Dimension zeigt sich, dass das Schreiben einer Abschlussarbeit für die Studierenden die größte Herausforderung in Bezug auf die Selbstwirksamkeit darstellt. Es zeigt sich eine starke Korrelation zwischen der akademischen Kompetenz der Studierenden und ihrer Selbstwirksamkeit in Bezug auf Problemlösung und ihr Vertrauen in den Abschluss ihres Studiums. Für die lernbezogene Dimension lässt sich feststellen, dass die Selbstwirksamkeit im Zeitmanagement entscheidend ist, da sie alle anderen Items in dieser Dimension beeinflusst. Obwohl es keine starke Korrelation innerhalb der sozialen Dimension gibt, kann die Selbstwirksamkeit in Bezug auf private Unterstützung und Resilienz aufgrund der wissenschaftlichen Literatur und Übertragbarkeit auf das Konzept des Präsenzstudiums weitere Forschung in diesem Bereich legitimieren. Bei der Befragung der Studierenden nach gewünschten Unterstützungsangeboten während des Fernstudiums gaben diese fachliche Unterstützung und mehr Möglichkeiten zum Austausch mit anderen an. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass das Rahmenmodell wertvolle Einblicke in die Selbstwirksamkeit von Studierenden im Fernstudium bietet und die Notwendigkeit unterstreicht, differenzierte Dimensionen zu beachten, die der Komplexität des Konzepts entspricht.
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